New Jersey experiences two distinct climate zones due to its geography. The southern, central, and eastern parts of the state have a humid subtropical climate (Köppen classification: Cfa), while the northwestern portion features a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfa or Dfb) due to its higher elevation.
Summers across the state are typically hot and humid, with average July highs ranging from the low to mid-80s °F (27–30 °C), though temperatures frequently exceed 90 °F. Winters are generally cold, with average January lows in the 20s °F (-6 to -2 °C). The northwestern region tends to be significantly cooler year-round and receives substantially more snowfall—averaging over 40 inches annually—compared to the southern coastal areas, which may see less than 15 inches.
Precipitation is well-distributed throughout the year, averaging 40 to 50 inches annually. New Jersey is susceptible to various natural disasters, including severe winter storms (Nor'easters), summer thunderstorms, and coastal flooding. While rare, the state is also vulnerable to tropical systems and hurricanes, the most devastating in recent memory being Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The best times to visit are typically during the mild, pleasant seasons of spring (May to June) and early autumn (September to October).