Agriculture shapes both the economy and the visual landscape of Aetna Township. Large tracts of land are devoted to conventional farming. The primary crops cultivated in the area include corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and winter wheat.
Livestock farming, including beef cattle and small-scale dairy operations, is also present. Additionally, family-owned farms and homesteads often produce specialty items such as local honey, maple syrup, and seasonal produce that are sold at local roadside stands or nearby farmers' markets.