Public utilities in Sri Lanka are primarily managed by state-owned enterprises, with growing private sector participation in renewable energy.
* **Electricity:** The Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) is the primary provider of electricity, supplemented by the Lanka Electricity Company (LECO) in certain urban areas. Generation includes hydropower, thermal, and increasingly, solar and wind. * **Water:** The National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) manages piped water supply and sewerage systems. Tap water is generally treated in urban areas but is not recommended for drinking without boiling or filtering. * **Gas:** Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is the standard for cooking. The market is dominated by Litro Gas (state-owned) and Laugfs Gas (private). * **Waste Management:** Handled by local municipal and urban councils (e.g., Colombo Municipal Council). While urban collection is regular, nationwide recycling infrastructure is still developing.