While agriculture accounts for a tiny fraction of the region's overall GDP, it remains culturally and geographically significant, particularly in the outer rural municipalities.
- **Crops:** The southeastern plains are known for cultivating olives, grapes, and cereals. The region boasts its own protected designation of origin for wine (*Vinos de Madrid DO*). Specific local crops are famous nationwide, such as melons from Villaconejos, garlic from Chinchón, and strawberries from Aranjuez. - **Livestock:** The mountainous northern regions focus on cattle farming, particularly beef, which is marketed under the protected label *Carne de la Sierra de Guadarrama*. - **Forestry:** Managed sustainably in the Sierra de Guadarrama, focusing on environmental preservation and rural tourism rather than heavy timber extraction.
