Singapore features a generally flat and gently undulating topography.
* **Highest Point:** Bukit Timah Hill, a granite peak standing at 163.63 meters (537 ft) above sea level in the central region of the island. * **Lowest Point:** The Singapore Strait, at 0 meters (sea level). * **Hills and Valleys:** The central and northern areas consist primarily of a hilly mass of granite and other igneous rocks. * **Coastal Areas:** The eastern region is flatter and consists largely of sandy, alluvial soils. Western Singapore is marked by sedimentary rocks forming a succession of narrow ridges. * **Flood Plains:** Because of its low-lying nature, with much of the land no more than 15 meters above sea level, the country heavily manages drainage to prevent flooding during intense tropical downpours.