Singapore has a total population of approximately 5.92 million, which includes citizens, permanent residents, and a significant expatriate and migrant worker community. The resident population (citizens and PRs) is around 4.1 million.
* **Ethnic Composition:** The resident population is diverse but distinctly structured, comprising mostly ethnic Chinese (approx. 74%), Malays (13.5%), Indians (9%), and other groups (3.5%). * **Languages:** English is the main working language and the medium of instruction in schools. Malay is the national language, while Mandarin and Tamil hold official status. * **Religion:** Highly diverse. Buddhism is the most practiced religion, followed by Christianity, Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. A growing percentage identifies as non-religious. * **Demographic Trends:** Singapore faces an aging population and a low total fertility rate, prompting the government to encourage marriage and parenthood, while also relying on carefully managed immigration to sustain its workforce. * **Education & Income:** The population is highly educated, boasting one of the world's highest literacy rates. The median household income is correspondingly high, reflecting the country's status as a developed economy.
