Situated at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, Singapore is separated from Malaysia by the narrow Straits of Johor to the north, and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to the south. The country comprises one main diamond-shaped island, Pulau Ujong, and 63 smaller satellite islands and islets, including Sentosa, Pulau Tekong, and Pulau Ubin.
Though a highly urbanized city-state, roughly half of Singapore is covered by greenery. Strict urban planning has preserved nature reserves and integrated vegetation into public infrastructure. Lacking large natural rivers or lakes, Singapore relies on a network of 17 man-made reservoirs to capture rainwater.
One of the most defining aspects of Singapore's geography is its shifting coastline. Through aggressive land reclamation projects using sand, earth, and rock, the nation has expanded its land area by over 25% since independence, a process that continues today as the country prepares for future population and economic needs.
