Agriculture in Russia is a massive and vital sector, having experienced a remarkable renaissance in the 21st century that transformed the country from a net food importer to one of the world's agricultural superpowers. The sector benefits from the extraordinarily fertile "Black Earth" (Chernozem) belt in southern Russia and the Volga region.
Russia is consistently one of the top two wheat exporters in the world. Other major crops include barley, oats, sunflower seeds (and sunflower oil), sugar beets, and potatoes.
Livestock production—predominantly poultry, pork, and dairy—has also seen heavy investment aimed at achieving domestic food security. Russia’s fisheries are vast, operating extensively in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and the country remains famous for its Caspian Sea caviar. Additionally, Russia's immense taiga supports a massive forestry and timber industry, supplying wood products globally.
