Public utilities in Moscow are highly centralized and managed by massive state or municipal enterprises, operating some of the largest infrastructure networks in the world.
* **Electricity:** **Mosenergosbyt** is the primary electricity provider for residential and commercial spaces. * **Water and Sewage:** **Mosvodokanal** provides clean water and wastewater management. It operates extensive water treatment facilities using modern ozonation technologies. * **Gas:** **Mosgaz** manages the gas distribution network, supplying fuel to power stations, industrial enterprises, and residential stoves. * **Heating:** **MOEK (Moscow United Energy Company)** provides centralized district heating—a staple of Russian infrastructure—distributing hot water to radiators across the city from October to May. * **Waste Management:** Handled by regional operators such as **EcoTechProm**, with ongoing initiatives to improve municipal recycling sorting and processing capabilities.
