Moscow's economy is a colossal engine, historically generating upward of 20% of Russia's entire gross domestic product (GDP). It is the undisputed financial and corporate center of the nation, boasting one of the largest municipal economies in the world.
The city is home to the headquarters of almost all major Russian national and multinational corporations, including banking giants like Sberbank and VTB, tech leaders like Yandex and VK, and energy behemoths like Gazprom and Rosneft.
While the cost of living in Moscow is significantly higher than the Russian national average, so too is the median income. Economic strengths include a highly centralized concentration of capital, a massive consumer market, and a rapidly expanding tech and services sector. Despite facing headwinds from international sanctions and geopolitical shifts in recent years, the city continues to invest heavily in domestic industries, urban infrastructure, and technological sovereignty.