Despite its dense urbanization, North Holland has a highly efficient and globally significant agricultural sector. The province is most famous for its horticulture, particularly the cultivation of tulips and other flower bulbs in the sandy soils behind the coastal dunes (the Bollenstreek area extending north).
Dairy farming is another pillar of North Holland's agriculture. The lush green polders are ideal for grazing dairy cows, producing the milk used to make world-renowned Dutch cheeses. The cities of Alkmaar and Edam have historical cheese markets that reflect this deep agrarian heritage.
Additionally, the province utilizes advanced, high-tech greenhouse farming for vegetables and fruits, maximizing yield in small areas. Fisheries also play a role, with coastal towns like IJmuiden and Den Helder serving as active fishing ports for North Sea catches.