Nepal is a federal democratic republican state. Following the promulgation of the 2015 Constitution, the country transitioned from a unitary system to a federal structure to decentralize power and ensure better representation for its diverse population. The nation is divided into three tiers of government: federal, provincial, and local. There are 7 provinces and 753 local administrative units.
At the federal level, the government is headed by the Prime Minister, who holds executive power, while the President serves as a ceremonial Head of State. The federal parliament is bicameral, consisting of the House of Representatives (Pratinidhi Sabha) and the National Assembly (Rastriya Sabha).
Each of the seven provinces has its own unicameral provincial assembly and a Chief Minister who heads the provincial government. While the transition to federalism has successfully devolved many administrative powers and improved local political engagement, the nation continues to navigate the complexities of resource sharing, bureaucratic capacity, and periodic political instability marked by frequent changes in coalition governments.