The monument zones are administered through a complex blend of local, national, and international oversight.
* **Local Government:** The physical infrastructure and immediate surroundings of the monuments are managed by the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), Lalitpur Metropolitan City, and Bhaktapur Municipality. * **National Oversight:** The Department of Archaeology (under the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation) is the primary federal body responsible for the protection, excavation, and restoration of the sites. * **Traditional Management:** Many temples and courtyards are maintained by traditional community trusts known as *Guthis*. These cooperative networks have managed the daily rituals, festivals, and upkeep of specific monuments for centuries. * **International Role:** As UNESCO World Heritage sites, the monument zones are strictly monitored to ensure that urban development does not encroach upon their historical integrity.