While the immediate monument plazas are dense, paved urban heritage sites with no agricultural footprint, the broader Kathmandu Valley historically relied on highly fertile alluvial soil.
* **Crops:** Historically, the valley produced rice, wheat, maize, and seasonal vegetables. * **Farming Practices:** Traditional terrace farming on the valley edges is rapidly declining due to intense urban sprawl encroaching on farmland. * **Food Production:** Much of the food consumed in the historic cores is now imported from surrounding districts, though small courtyard gardens (kareshabari) can still be found in some traditional Newari homes.