Water is the defining geographical feature of Kerala. The state is crisscrossed by 44 rivers, mostly originating in the Western Ghats and flowing westward into the Arabian Sea.
* **Major Rivers:** The **Periyar** (the longest), **Bharathappuzha**, **Pamba**, and **Chaliyar**. * **Lakes & Backwaters:** **Vembanad Lake** is the longest lake in India and the heart of the backwater tourism industry. **Ashtamudi Lake** in Kollam is a crucial wetland ecosystem. * **Waterfalls:** **Athirappilly Waterfalls** (often called the Niagara of India) is the most famous, flanked by lush green forests. **Meenmutty** and **Palaruvi** are also notable drops.