Fars Province has a population of approximately 4.85 million people, making it one of the most populous provinces in Iran. The demographic growth is largely concentrated in urban centers, most notably Shiraz, which alone houses over 1.5 million residents.
The ethnic composition of Fars is remarkably diverse. While ethnic Persians form the vast majority, the province is uniquely home to a significant population of nomadic and semi-nomadic groups. The Qashqai people, a Turkic-speaking confederation, are the most prominent, known for their vibrant carpets and seasonal migrations across the Zagros. Other notable groups include the Lurs (particularly the Mamasani tribe), the Basseri, and Iranian Arabs in the south.
The overwhelming majority of the population follows Twelver Shia Islam. Historically, Fars was also home to significant minorities of Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, though these populations have dwindled. The primary language is Persian (Farsi), supplemented by Qashqai (a Turkic language) and Luri in specific regional and tribal communities.