The environment of Fars Province is characterized by the Zagros Mountains, arid to semi-arid plains, and significant biodiversity, though it faces serious ecological challenges.
* **Air Quality:** Generally moderate, but cities like Shiraz experience smog during winter temperature inversions and occasional dust storms blowing in from neighboring regions. * **Water Issues:** Fars suffers from acute water scarcity. Historic lakes, such as Lake Bakhtegan and Lake Parishan, have largely dried up due to prolonged drought and intensive agricultural water use. * **Protected Areas:** The province contains several critical habitats, including Bamou National Park (home to the Persian leopard, gazelles, and wild sheep) and the Arjan and Parishan Protected Area. * **Lake Maharlu:** A seasonal salt lake near Shiraz famous for turning a vibrant pinkish-red color due to high salinity and red algae during the summer months.