According to the 2016 national census, Shiraz has a population of approximately 1,565,572, making it the fifth most populous city in Iran. The metropolitan area pushes this number significantly higher.
The population is predominantly ethnic Persian, but the city is a melting pot for the region, housing significant populations of Qashqai and Lur minorities, who historically migrated from the surrounding nomadic and mountainous areas. The primary religion is Shia Islam. Historically, Shiraz also had vibrant Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i communities; while these populations are smaller today, their historical footprint remains part of the city's fabric.
Shiraz boasts a highly educated population, driven by its large concentration of universities and research institutes. The employment sector is dominated by services, healthcare, education, and retail.
