Indonesia has made massive strides in upgrading its national infrastructure over the past decade, a primary focus of recent government administrations. The electricity grid is managed by the state-owned enterprise PLN; while traditionally heavily reliant on coal, there is a major national push to transition toward geothermal, hydro, and solar energy to meet net-zero targets by 2060.
Telecommunications infrastructure is robust, with high mobile penetration rates and widespread 4G/5G networks led by providers like Telkomsel and Indosat. The government's "Palapa Ring" project—a massive undersea fiber-optic cable network—has successfully brought high-speed broadband to even the most remote eastern islands. Water and sanitation infrastructure remains an area needing investment; while cities have piped municipal water (PDAMs), many households still rely on deep groundwater extraction, an issue particularly contributing to land subsidence in northern Jakarta.