As of the last official census in 2011, Chhattisgarh had a population of 25.5 million, with 2020 estimates placing it around 29.4 million. The state has a balanced sex ratio, which is among the highest in India, reflecting strong social traditions.
A defining demographic feature of Chhattisgarh is its large indigenous (tribal) population, which constitutes about 32% of the state's total residents. Prominent tribal groups include the Gond, Halba, Baiga, and Santhal. Hinduism is the majority religion, practiced by over 93% of the population, with Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism making up the rest. Hindi and Chhattisgarhi are the primary languages, though various tribal languages like Gondi, Kurukh, and Halbi are widely spoken in the southern and northern regions.