Water is the defining geographical feature of Kerala, which is crisscrossed by 44 rivers and an extensive network of backwaters.
* **Rivers:** The **Periyar** is the longest river and the state's lifeline, followed by the Bharathappuzha (Nila) and Pamba. * **Lakes & Backwaters:** **Vembanad Lake** is the longest lake in India and the largest in Kerala. **Ashtamudi Lake** is the gateway to the backwaters in the south. * **Waterfalls:** **Athirappilly Waterfalls**, often referred to as the "Niagara of India," is the largest waterfall in the state, dropping from a height of 80 feet. Other notable falls include Meenmutty and Palaruvi.