Karnataka's public utilities are managed by state-owned boards and corporations, segmented regionally to serve its vast population.
* **Electricity:** Power transmission is handled by the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL). Distribution is managed by regional entities: BESCOM (Bengaluru), MESCOM (Mangaluru), HESCOM (Hubballi), GESCOM (Kalaburagi), and CESC (Mysuru). * **Water:** In the capital, the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) manages water supply, primarily sourced from the Cauvery River. Statewide urban water needs are overseen by the Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB). * **Gas:** Piped Natural Gas (PNG) is expanding in urban centers through providers like GAIL Gas Limited. * **Waste Management:** Solid waste management is decentralized. In Bengaluru, the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) is responsible, though it often partners with private contractors and citizen groups for segregation and recycling initiatives.