Public utilities in Sydney are managed by a combination of state-owned corporations and privatized retail networks.
* **Water and Wastewater:** **Sydney Water**, a statutory State-owned corporation, provides drinking water, wastewater, and some stormwater services. The water is sourced primarily from the Warragamba Dam and a desalination plant in Kurnell. * **Electricity:** The electricity network (poles and wires) is managed by distributors like **Ausgrid** (inner/eastern/northern Sydney) and **Endeavor Energy** (western/south-western Sydney). Residents can choose their retail provider (e.g., Origin, EnergyAustralia, AGL) in a competitive market. * **Gas:** Piped natural gas distribution is largely managed by **Jemena**, while retail services are offered by various energy companies. * **Waste Management:** Municipal waste, recycling, and garden organics are managed by the 33 individual local government councils across Greater Sydney. Many councils are currently rolling out FOGO (Food Organics and Garden Organics) bins to reduce landfill waste.